Needle division is the practice of intravenous drug users where syringes are shared by some individuals to administer intravenous drugs, and are the main vectors for blood-borne diseases (blood-borne pathogens). People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for Hepatitis C and HIV due to sharing needle practices.
From 1933 to 1943, malaria spread among users in the New York City area with this method. Thereafter, the use of quinine as a cutting agent in the drug mixture becomes common.
Needle exchange program (NEP), a form of harm reduction policy, provides a new needle for people who are addicted to drugs instead of those used to help control the spread of the disease. In the United States, there are three different restrictions on needle exchange programs at the federal level - CARE's White Loss Act, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Authority (SAMHSA), and 1997 Health and Human Services (HHS)) education. However, many states still provide services despite federal laws, especially in large cities where the use of intravenous drugs is a major health problem. A study in New York State found that for 12 months NEP prevented about 87 HIV infections by preventing the sharing of needles. Also, the NEP has reduced the spread of HIV by one-third to two-fifths.
Video Needle sharing
Safe Needle Disposal
Disposing of needles in ordinary household garbage endanger children, pets, janitors, and waste management service personnel. Therefore, the needle must be disposed of properly in a punctured FDA cleansing container that is puncture and anti-leaking. It is important to get rid of the used needle properly because it can be difficult to know if the needle has been used before. By not throwing the needle in a safe way, the user can expose another person or himself to a syringe injury. If sharps containers are not available, needles can often be brought to local law enforcement, hospitals, or drug stores for safe collection and disposal. In addition, the needle can be shipped in a special container to the mail-back program for safe disposal. In health care settings, the use of blunt tip needles can minimize the risk of needle injury
Maps Needle sharing
Infection
A person who has been injected with drugs or drugs using a syringe or needle that has been used by someone with HIV may be at risk for HIV as well. However, because a person may not know whether a person has HIV or not, as a precautionary measure, an individual should not reuse needles or syringes. One may never know whether another person or himself has a terminal or a severe infection that is contagious. Therefore, it is never safe to share needles or syringes with others. According to a study conducted by New Haven Connecticut needle exchange program, people who returned non-facility needles had a rate of up to 67.5% showing positive for HIV. Their assumption is that people who carry "road needles" are shared among others before bringing them to the program. In addition to HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are also often transmitted through the distribution of needles. Simple puncture or accidentally touching the already infected needle can make a person at risk of contracting Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV. Hepatitis B is the easiest to contract, followed by Hepatitis C, followed by HIV from the needle removed. Almost 50% of people participating in IVDU have Hepatitis C.
Not only blood-borne diseases through the division of needles, but also bacterial infections that can eventually cause sepsis. In addition, improper disposal of hospital needles may expose drug-resistant organisms in the external environment.
Risk Factors for Sharing Needles
Much research has been done on risk factors that may affect individuals to share needles in an effort to improve the effectiveness of NEP and other hazard reduction programs for IDUs. In the United States, needle sharing behavior is positively correlated with individuals with low socioeconomic status, younger than 45 years, men, and unemployed. In addition, people of minority or ethnicity races often experience an increased risk of sharing needles, probably because of lower levels of health education.
References
Source
- Exchange Program FAQs Program
- Helpern, M (March 30, 1934). "Malaria among drug addicts in New York City - An epidemic of malaria estivo-autumnal and quartan among drug addicts in New York City transmitted by contaminated contaminated needles". Public Health Representative . 49 (13): 421. doi: 10.2307/4581127. JSTORÃ, 4581127. Ã, Reprinted as Helpern M (1976). "Malaria among drug addicts in New York City (March 30, 1934): The epidemic of malaria aestivo-autumnal and quartan among drug addicts in New York City is transmitted by the use of contaminated contaminated needles". Public Health Representative . 91 (5): 477-479. PMCÃ, 1440553 . PMID 19313398.
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